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概述

在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于 http restful 的。Spring cloud 有两种服务调用方式,一种是 ribbon + restTemplate,另一种是 feign。

Ribbon+RestTemplate

Ribbon 是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制 http 和 tcp 的一些行为。

创建服务消费者

完整pom文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.xzt</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-ribbon-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>cloud-ribbon-service</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

</project>

application.yml

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spring:
application:
name: cloud-ribbon-service

server:
port: 8764

eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

Configuration

配置注入 RestTemplate 的 Bean,并通过 @LoadBalanced 注解表明开启负载均衡功能 s

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package com.xzt.ribbon.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfiguration {
@LoadBalanced
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}

Service

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package com.xzt.ribbon.test.service;

import com.xzt.ribbon.test.beans.User;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Service
public class AdminService {

private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AdminService.class);
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;

public String sayHi(String message) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://CLOUD-ADMIN-SERVICE/hi?message=" + message, String.class);
}

public String postHi(String userName, String password) {
User user = new User();
user.setUserName(userName);
user.setPassword(password);
User res = restTemplate.postForObject("http://CLOUD-ADMIN-SERVICE/req_post", user, User.class);
return String.format("%s ,welcome! I am from port %s", userName, res.getPort());
}
}

Controller

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package com.xzt.ribbon.test.controller;

import com.xzt.ribbon.test.service.AdminService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class AdminController {
@Autowired
private AdminService adminService;

@RequestMapping(value = "hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHi(String message) {
return adminService.sayHi(message);
}

@RequestMapping(value = "req_post", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String postHi(String userName, String password) {
return adminService.postHi(userName, password);
}
}

cloud-admin-service 增加以下接口

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@RequestMapping(value = "req_post", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public User postHi(@RequestBody User user){
logger.info("userName:{}----password:{}",user.getUserName(),user.getPassword());
user.setPort(port);
return user;
}

测试

GET

访问http://localhost:8764/hi?message=12345,将出现以下内容

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Hi,your message is : 12345 i am from port : 8762

POST

访问http://localhost:8764/req_post?userName=mo&password=123456,将出现以下内容

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mo ,welcome! I am from port 8762

如果配置多个cloud-admin-service服务,多次访问此接口,端口号应当随之变化

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